Rumors Of The Cold War - 1154 Words

Rumors can affect you in many ways. They can ruin your name, you can lose your job, and you can even lose friends. When the Cold War started between the Soviet Union and the United States, people in the U.S. were being accused of being communists. There was a national â€Å"witch hunt† for people who were suspected of being communists which was called the Red Scare. For example, many people were suspected of being communists and there were many warrants issued for the suspected communists. Encyclopedia Britannica states, â€Å"But many of those people were only guilty of having a foreign accent† (Encyclopedia Britannica). This quote shows that the rumor of communists in the U.S. had people on edge and that officials were arresting people just†¦show more content†¦To end with, the rumors of the girls being in the woods with Tituba, John Proctor being a witch, and Rebecca Nurse being a witch had many affects. The first rumor that had an effect was the rumor of th e girls being in the woods with Tituba. At the beginning of the story, Tituba was seen with all of the girls in the woods. Parris said that they were doing weird things and everybody thinks it’s witchcraft. Abigail told Parris, â€Å"Uncle, the rumor of witchcraft is all about†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I,i, 76-79). When the word got out of what happened in the woods, the townspeople believed it and they were curious to learn more details. This rumor about witchcraft was the beginning of a troubled time and officially started The Salem Witch Trials. When the trials started, Tituba was accused of having dealings with the Devil by the court. To attempt to get out of trouble, she started telling the court who she â€Å"saw† with the devil. Tituba told the court that, â€Å"Aye, sir, and Goody Osburn† ( I,i, 1347,1348). Since Tituba decided to start this rumor about Goody Osburn, it would cause another innocent person to be accused of something she did not do. It would also s tart a long line of additional rumors to arise. That is the effect of the rumor of the girls being in the woods with Tituba. The second rumor that had an effect was John Proctor being a witch. Towards the end of the trials, all of the rumors and liesShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The War1498 Words   |  6 PagesConfederates enter the war with a belief that would also sustain them during war years and ultimately shape the south after the war, a durable belief in their invincibility. Even after major turning points of the war, diehard Rebels continued to express a resilient belief in their invincibility. They were unconquerable and they truly stuck it about because they expected to win. Their ethos; beliefs of being highly favored children of God, attitudes of invincibility (homegrown and those spreadRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1620 Words   |  7 PagesPsycohlogy of Rumor.† In this he uses rumors circulating during World War II to both define and explain his theories on rumors. He defines a rumor as â€Å"A Proposition for belief of topical reference disseminated without official verification,† and claims of three psychological reasons to rumors existence. The first reason he found was people believing in a â€Å"pipe dream.† This is when a rumor brings joy or endearment to those who spread it. The second reason is a belief in a â€Å"bogie rumor.† This is whenRead MoreThe Snowflake And The Short Story Of The Story1277 Words   |  6 Pagespleasant. Many included war, murder and some stories described his ice cold personality. Morphes still never questioned his father the one day that he met him. The villagers may have outcasted his father, but Morphes still believed he was a good man. Since his father was a God, Morphes had only had one encounter with him. That one meeting was rather pleasant; therefore, Morphes believed that all the rumors about his father were false. Based on the stories, living in the c old and ice for years andRead MoreIs Ronald Reagan Under or Overrated as a President? Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesSenator Barry Goldwater. The Cold War began in the mid 1940’s between the United States and the Soviet Union at the end of the Second World War. The Cold War was clearly marked between two former World War II allies. As the Cold War continued there were many self-serving propaganda. When John F. Kennedy was elected to the presidency in 1960, crises between USSR and the Cuban erupted. With the pressure of the Cold War and the rise of tension between the World War II allies, President Ronald ReaganRead MoreThe Vietnam War Remained An Existential Crisis984 Words   |  4 Pages As the Vietnam War remained an existential crisis for the anti-communist agenda of the United States, President Johnson had to make crucial decisions regarding whether to continue intervening in the war or to withdraw the troops already deployed. Several debates among government advisors occurred in July of 1965 regarding differing strategies for plans of action. Although some advisors were against deploying more troops, such as George Ball who believed in a â€Å"compromise solution,† to â€Å"cut our lossesRead MorePatrice Lumumba And The Congo Crisis1166 Words   |  5 PagesIn June of 1960, at the height of the Cold War, Congo received its independence from King Leopold II’s Belgium. Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of Congo, was instrumental in the Congolese bid for independence, and played a similar role in the early stages of postcolonial Congo, known as the â€Å"Congo Crisis†. In the new Congolese nation, Lumumba was faced with the challenge of unifying a large African nation with difficulties arising from Cold war influences and geopolitical tensions. AsRead MoreBruce Springsteen Is Known For His Genuine And Relatable1130 Words   |  5 Pagespatterns are also present within â€Å"Leaving The Cold.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Born In The U.S.A.,† published in 1984, was aimed at drawing more attention to the average veteran. Springsteen constructs a story about a Vietnam veteran who returns home with nothing but the scarring experiences of the war. He brings attention to the fact that men are drafted into the war and put into a terrifying environment; they return home to a country that has seemingly abandoned them. â€Å"Leaving The Cold,† which has an estimated publication dateRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of Russia981 Words   |  4 Pagesruler. In the following days a rumor spread that Alexis Romanoff had died of exposure after his father s death, the russian government denied this claiming that â€Å"The family of Nicholas Romanoff is safe in a Siberian monastery in Abalak.† Unfortunately, these claims and announcements the Russian government gave about the ex-Czar’s family were false propaganda. His entire family was shot and killed along with him and buried out in the wilderness where they died. Rumors spread for years after the eventRead MoreThe United States And Japan s Involvement1687 Words   |  7 Pagesseries of devastating effects that changed Japan and the world forever. In the early 1940s, Hitler and the Nazis were trying to take over the world as they waged war across Europe. While Hitler had the world’s attention, a series of events was unfolding to set the scene for some of the biggest events in History. Japan had declared war on China in an attempt to increase its territory and it’s trade market. Although the US had stayed neutral for about 2 years, in a response to Japan’s aggressionsRead MoreThe Cold War And The War Era1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War era was an infamous time in United States history. The stand-off between the USSR and the US lasted nearly forty-five years, and began shortly after World War II had ended. Even though the USSR and the US had been Allied Powers during the war, Stalin’s ruling of his country frightened the United States, and the US’s late entry in the war caused Russian resentment. The tension the Cold War caused terrified everyone and pressured the United States governm ent to start preparing for desperate

Separation Of Powers, Federalism, And But The Bill Of Rights

Introduction: The United States’ can trace its famous two party system back to the federalist and Antifederalist parties. Although ideas from each side often clash, our government has key features that trace back to this great debate. Separation of powers, federalism, and even the Bill of Rights are rooted in compromise between Federalist and Antifederalist ideas. Arguably the most important of these is the principle of separation of powers. This principle is observed in the three branches of the national and state government we have today, and the checks and balances system that each must uphold. Federalist Visions: The Federalist Party was made up of property owners, creditors, and merchants; the wealthiest of society. Members of this†¦show more content†¦The United States had just broken away from a monarchy and Antifederalists wanted nothing of the sort to happen in the new country. Having a small group of elites represent the entire people sounded a lot like what they had left when breaking away from England. Moreover, they believed that states should hold the most power, but the national government should back basic rights while leaving other decisions to each state. They gave very little support to the ratification of the constitution, but were more in favor of the Articles of Confederation. However, their resolve came with the Bill of Rights, which gave the antifederalists the basic freedoms they wanted. Today, the Antifederalist ideas are present in Republican, Libertarian, and the Tea Party’s core foundations. Separation of Powers: In the wake of compromises that came from debates between the Federalists and Antifederalists, one of the most important institutional features that has carried on into today’s American Government was created. The separation of powers can be defined as, â€Å"the system through which each branch of government, can govern over the others by checks and balances.† One of the most obvious places this institutional feature can be observed is within our three branches of government. The Federalists favored central, powerful government, but the Antifederalists feared the concentration of power. The three branches of government, and the systemShow MoreRelatedFederalism, Separation Of Powers, Checks And Balances And The Bill Of Rights1208 Words   |  5 Pages Federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances and the bill of rights are the four main elements that the constitution is made up of. All four of these elements are what made the constitution strong, lasting over two hundred years. Three separate branches were created that had their own specific powers. The government was then given the power to tax and enforce its laws. The structure of how this one document has governed is what makes the constitution unique. The U.S. constitution establishedRead MoreWhy Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based on the Ideas of Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Federalism and the Bill of Rights?1533 Words   |  7 Pageson the ideas of separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism and the bill of rights? The founding fathers wanted to create a constitution because many believed that the national government had to be stronger than what it had been with the use of the Articles of Confederation. But at the same time they were fearful of human nature and how often it could be seen in the history of other countries such as Britain, for people in the position of power to infringe on the rights of others, by becomingRead MoreFederalism Vs. Judicial Review899 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual rights, federalism is not one of the first thoughts that come to mind. In fact federalism played a huge role in the start of individual rights. Along with federalism, judicial review was one of the initial startups of individual rights with Supreme Court cases that will be later mentioned. Federalism and judicial review paved the way for the start up and stability of individual rights. Before the analysis of how federalism and judicial review plays a part in individual rights, one mustRead MoreThe Politics Of State And Communities886 Words   |  4 Pageswould cause controversy throughout the country. (Baltimore Sun; Tanfani, Joseph; 2015 February) This program was to prevent illegal immigrants from being punished and deported. There are millions of illegal immigrants within in the United States. Federalism plays a major role in the policies of immigration. â€Å"The decision of the federal government affects states and communities†. (Dye pg. 13) If federal immigration laws are not enforced, than the state level immigration laws could be enforced. StateRead MoreAbortion: The Impact of Federalism and the Separation of Power1227 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter not to see them being made.† The arduous process that a bill undergoes in order to become a law may seem grueling and pointless; however, the processes high caliber of difficulty allows for the extreme prestige and exclusivity of bills that are passed. Because the process is so exhausting, and filibusters, subsequently requiring a super-majority vote to pass a bill, have always been such a threat in Congress, historically, bills that attempt to reform sensitive issues have not fared well inRead MoreEssay on The Genius of the American Constitution 1094 Words   |  5 Pagesand even lacked a court system. One m ajor weakness of the central government was that they could not tax the states and this lead to an uneven distribution of power, and the states became overwhelmingly powerful. The challenge was to write a new constitution that was strong enough to hold the country and states together, secure the rights of the people, and not allow a single person, or a group of people to become tyrants. So when the fifty five representatives meet in Philadelphia during May ofRead MoreDemocracy Is The Worst Form Of Government Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Constitution. Political scientists cite a number of different reasons for the success of the US Constitution; the Bill of Rights, separation of powers, and a bicameral legislature with representation based on population and equality all the top their lists. One concept often overlooked, however, is federalism. Defined, federalism is a type of government that divides powers between two equal entities, the national and regional government ( Clark, 2015). From the beginning of our country, AmericansRead MoreDual Federalism And Cooperative Federalism1280 Words   |  6 Pagesstages of federalism – dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and regulated federalism. Dual Federalism was the form of government used from 1789 to 1937 where fundamental governmental powers were shared between the state and federal governments, with the states having the most important powers. Cooperative Federalism existed during the New Deal era, in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states to pursue nationally defined goals. The last one, regulated federalism, is aRead MoreGuatemala And United States Government Systems Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people and the government to ensure that individual liberties continue to prosper under a free society. The Declaration of Independence lists three important rights that the Founding Fathers considered natural and unalienable. They are the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. Government exists to protect these rights. On other hand, the purpose of Guatemala’s government, according to the Guatemala’s Constitution, is to promote the common welfare, the consoli dation of the regimeRead MoreEssay on We the People688 Words   |  3 Pagespreventing the abuse or misuse of government power. Explain how these provisions work in our system of government today. The fundamental characteristics of a constitutional government contain of a written document which establishes the rules, rights, and principles of the government. These characteristics are the establishment of individual rights, federalism, higher law, separation of powers, and checks and balances. The establishment of all these rules, rights, and principles are all an important feature

Natural disasters Free Essays

December 28th 1908 barely three days after Christmas, the Messing earthquake would rock and forever change Italy. The earthquake registered a 7. 2 on the Richter scale. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural disasters or any similar topic only for you Order Now This by far has been one of the deadliest earthquakes In Europe, and for obvious reasons Is recorded as one of the most destructive. Given Italy’s history of earthquakes, it’s said to be one of the most prone areas In Europe. During that last 2,000 years, more than 400 destructive earthquakes have been documented in Italy and seismic activity varies considerably across the country due o the complex tectonics of the Lead’s). The fact that Italy sits on top of the plate boundary off the African Continental plate, leaves those to believe this was a true cause of the devastating earthquake. The plate Italy is sitting on is actually to this day continuing to push against the ocean floor and causing vertical displacement, in return causing earthquakes. The current population of Messing is somewhere around 242,000. At the time of the devastating earthquake the population was around 180,000. The earthquake claimed the lives of over 123,000 people that day and left over 59,000 homeless. A estimation of population for 2050 would be In the area of 279,000. The fact that after the earthquake hit and last for a duration of about seconds, a 12 meter tsunami struck the nearby coastlines which added to the destruction already experienced by Messing. The amount of debris and rubble left behind almost totally engulfed the area. There was no power or running water which as a result required evacuation processes to start. The fact that much of the city was unable to survive in these conditions lead to relief efforts from other countries. Russian sailors stepped in and ultimately some cost their lives due to the aftershocks which buried them amongst the rubble. The British sent two battleships and five cruisers along with a destroyer to the site. The US also was able to step In an support humanitarian efforts by bring in food off the Navy ships, and by making make shift hospitals for the Injured. Many residents at this point didn’t have to means or funds to pay for all the major repairs needed, so they turned to the government to help. The ending result for Messing was that the ability to bounce back from such a terrible tragedy was not easy when the economy along with uninsured properties were at risk. As a consequence, very few homes and businesses had sufficient enough funds to cover the loss from the earthquake. This definitely but a strain on the rebuilding process for Messing. It was an estimated 60 million Euro for repair cost and rebuilding of Messing, however the true amount is still unknown. With little funding to be had, it was only possible at the time for the government to rebuild a much smaller city. The city as we know it today has fully recovered, but will forever be tragically impacted by the lasting effects. In the aftermath, and In the following year to come, Messing took recitation to reconstruction and built architecture that would withstand earthquakes of various magnitudes. During this lengthy process of rebuilding, many of the survivors were taken to various parts of Italy until the building process was cargo ship Florida, which were brought into the New York Harbor to start a new life. In the year of 1887 a disastrous flood of the Yellow River in China became one of the world most devastating natural disasters. â€Å"Originating at the Banyan Hard Mountains in Western China, the famous Yellow River runs through several provinces before pouring into the Boohoo Sea†(The). The Yellow River is very prone to flooding based on the fact the river itself is elevated and runs between dyke’s above the broad plains around it. The flooding that occurred in September of 1887 was so demoralizing and killed more than an estimated 900,000 people. Thus making it one of the world’s most recorded deadliest natural disasters to date. Much of the flooding that occurred in the 1887 floods, was said to be record spring rains and the melting of snow that allowed the river to topple of the 60 foot levees that had been set in place to help this type of disaster from happening. The heavy water flowing eventually eroded the levees and allowed for the mile wide river to then pour out in the floodplain areas. This barrage is what resulted in over 900,000 deaths. It was also said that the in ability for crops to grow due to flooding also played a huge role to many of these deaths as well. Since there is no international unit which to measure a flood’s strength it is usually classified by the extent of the damage done, depth of water left and number of casualties†(Worlds Worst Disaster). The city hardest hit by the flood was said to be the Squeezing in Henna province. Due to the waters of the Yellow River potentially breaking through the dyke’s in Handouts which flowed into Squeezing, the flood water spre ad very quickly throughout Northern China at an estimated 50,000 square mile area. Much of this area was said to be that of swamping agricultural settlements and commercial centers. The population in 1887 was estimated to be a little over 3 million. Today’s population is that of 8 million. The projected population for 2050 is said to be around 11 million. With the flood claiming so many lives it is also to be known that there causes were contributing factors as well. Pandemics and lack of basic needs for survival was also a major factor to the death toll. China has since taken measure to secure the river in hopes that the floods never happen again. By this the government have built three damns that control the river and in return is also a source of hydroelectricity for the cities. On the afternoon of November 13th, 1985 the Volcano Nevada del Uric erupted in the city of Rammer, Columbia. The Volcanic eruption itself caused a massive mudflow that would practically whippet the entire city. When the Volcano became active and molten lava began to melt the snow and ice a chain reaction started to take place. This formed showers of ash in the air. This specific volcano is located some 5,389 meters above sea level, which puts it to be one of the tallest in Columbia. â€Å"All of these mountains are ice-capped extraneousness and are vulnerable to seismic activity due to lying at the intersection of four fault lines†(Suite). There were several precursors noticed before the eruption in 1985. Pumice fragments were seen at the beginning of the onset of eruption along with the ash. By several hours later the town had started an evacuation and the first signs of the molten rock had begun. When the Lars finally hit the city that dreadful night, the whole town was asleep. This resulted in over 23,000 deaths. The mudflow was rushing down at speeds of 30 help predict their eruptions. Special tools and equipment used are that of seismographs, tilt meters, and geometers and correlation spectrometers. All these tools are able to help find small earthquakes and possible swelling of volcanoes. The population of Rammer during this time was 27,300 which meant that less than one- .NET of the population survived. The population today is zero, as the town never rebuilt. The town today is considered a cemetery for all the people buried among the mud. As the town of Rammer never rebuilt, the efforts taken at the time of the disaster by the government and by the United Nations were of great help. Many people and family of the deceased were extremely upset at the government as the evacuation was not taken seriously. As relief efforts took place a great deal was to be held off till daylight in order to look for the live under buried rubble and mud. Relief efforts eased for well over three months lingering into February of 1986. Much of the deaths were blamed on the government for the cancellation of the evacuation, poor planning, human error and simple a lack of experience. † In fact, $1 billion of the Colombian Gross National Product was used for the recovery†. Though the city of Rammer was a good 74 kilometers away from the volcano Nevada del Uric, it only took a mere two and half hours before the city was completely covered. Since this deadly eruption , the volcano has had very little volcanic activity, however, the lasting effects f Nevada del Uric can still be seen today. How to cite Natural disasters, Papers Natural Disasters Free Essays Why do Natural disaster occur : here you can include the reasons why natural disaster occurs. the reasons could be both man made and natural. i said man made because there is a theory called â€Å"Population theory of Malthus † where its stated that if the balance of population exceeds that of food supply many natural disaster would occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disasters or any similar topic only for you Order Now you can google â€Å"Population theory of Malthus† for more details. and the natural ones could be earthquakes on which humans have no control. here you can give examples of earthquakes that frequently hits japan. Advantages of natural disaster: there are some advantages of natural disaster as well. for example with flood comes lots of silts which in turn makes the soil fertile. apart from that any population that faces natural disaster frequently builds a strong survival mentality. for example some countries in the Indian subcontinent gets hit by hurricane, tornadoes etc yet the destruction rate is very low due to their adoption of the environment. Disadvantages; There are psychological, social, economical disadvantages of natural disasters. Psychological could be that people might loose their loved ones, their hard earned property. social disadvantages could be after effects of the event like you know looting, robbery due to want of basic necessities etc. Economic disadvantages could be the spending to reconstruct the damaged infrastructures, damage of crops, damage of properties etc then you can include precautionary measures to better deal with natural disaster. So far thats all I can come up with. if anything else comes in my mind I will edit this answer further How to cite Natural Disasters, Papers Natural Disasters Free Essays Natural disasters affect many people in the world. Over 31,849,838 number of people have died from natural disasters since 1900. A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard including tornadoes, tsunamis, and earthquakes and more. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disasters or any similar topic only for you Order Now Those natural disasters can lead to financial, environmental, and human losses. The ten deadliest natural disasters of the past century in order are the China Floods in 1931, the Tangshan Earthquake in 1976, the Bhola Cyclone in 1970, the Haiyuan earthquake in 1920, the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, the Haiti Earthquake in 2010, the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, the Cyclone Nargis in 2008, the Bangladesh cyclone in 1991 and the Ashgabat Earthquake in 1948. A tornado (often referred to as a twister or, erroneously, a cyclone) is a type of natural disaster that is very messy and nasty. It is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are approximately 250 feet (80 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating. The most extreme can attain wind speeds of more than 300 mph (480 km/h), stretch more than two miles (3 km) across, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (more than 100 km). The deadliest tornado of the past century has been The Daulatpur-Salturia Tornado in Manikganj, Bangladesh on April 26, 1989 the disaster killed 1,300. A tsunami (also called a tsunami wave train and at one time incorrectly referred to as a tidal wave) is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, usually an ocean, though it can occur in large lakes. It is a very deadly situation. Tsunamis are a frequent occurrence in Japan; approximately 195 events have been recorded. Owing to the immense volumes of water and the high energy involved, tsunamis can devastate coastal regions. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides and other mass movements, meteorite ocean impacts or similar impact events, and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. The Indian Ocean Tsunami on December 26, 2004 affected people in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Maldives, Malaysia, Somalia, Bangladesh, and Thailand. The death toll was 230,210. An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is a sudden shake of the Earth’s crust caused by the tectonic plates colliding. The vibrations may vary in magnitude. The underground point of origin of the earthquake is called the â€Å"focus†. The point directly above the focus on the surface is called the â€Å"epicenter†. Earthquakes by themselves rarely kill people or wildlife. It is usually the secondary events that they trigger, such as building collapse, fires, tsunamis (seismic sea waves) and volcanoes that are actually the human disaster. Many of these could possibly be avoided by better construction, safety systems, early warning and evacuation planning. Earthquakes are caused by the discharge of energy accumulated along geologic fault. Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude (or the partly obsolete Richter magnitude, numerically similar over the range of validity of the Richter scale) of an earthquake is conventionally reported, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly almost imperceptible and magnitude 7 and over potentially causing serious damage over large areas, depending on their depth. The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9. 0 or larger was a 9. 0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of March 2011), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all else being equal. Natural disasters are something we cannot fight against or win, since a man is powerless against nature. Some people think that natural disasters are caused by human activity and environmental pollution. The reasons could be both man made and natural. There is a theory called â€Å"Population theory of Malthus† where it is stated that if the balance of opulation exceeds that of food supply many natural disasters would occur. We cannot be 100% sure whether it is a myth or truth. The only evident thing is that natural disasters are rather a frequent phenomenon these days. Probably, it is the main reason why this problem is so often discussed in different academic papers. Natural disasters affect many people in the world. Over 31,849,838 number of people have died from natural disasters since 1900. Damages from natural disast ers can take years to repair, but it is best to be prepared when situations like this happen. How to cite Natural Disasters, Papers

Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability. Answer: Introduction The power and politics have a key role to play in case of any business organization. In case of Nike, the power and politics have a special significance in the organization. This assignment highlights the sources of individual power in Nike, along with the conflicts that are faced by the organizational teams. This assignment highlights the power and politics in the sports organization Nike along with the effective leadership thatis needed for the organization Nike. The power and politics in any business organization is effective if the power is used effectively. The sources of power in any business organization includes, legitimate power, expert power, coercive power, referent power and reward power. Along with the individual power, the organizational power are also essential and has a special significance in the business organization Nike. The politics in a business organization has a significance. If the politics is used in the business in a positive manner, then the business could be enhanced in Nike. However, if the politics is used in a negative manner, then the business of Nike is doomed. The various sources of power needs to be used effectively in the business organization, such that the business could be enhanced. Misuse of power, in the business organization will result in decrease in the business of Nike. Few recommendations have been provided in this assignment. The recommendations include the engagement of Nike with other sports organizations. This will enhance the business f Nike, along with engagement of the promotional activities of Nike. The products of Nike could be promoted in the sponsorship events along with the engagement in the CSR activities. Moreover, launch of wearable fitness devices could also be launched by Nike, such that the fitness of the people could be tracked, using the wearable devices. Finally, promotional campaigns could also be done in order to successfully promote the products of Nike. Thus, these recommendations followed will enhance the business of Nike. Power in any organization is essential in order to guide the subordinates and ensure that the organizational goals are fulfilled successfully (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). The power is often equally distributed among various people such that autonomy could be avoided. In the sports organization Nike, there are a various sources of power. The sources of power are: Legitimate power:The legitimate power is the power that is derived from the position that the person holds in an organization (Harper, 2015). This power has its source in the position that is given to a person by virtue of his job description. For example, the CEO of Bike and the various managers have legitimate power due to the position they hold in the organization (Odell, 2014). The CEO and the managers of Nike have adequate power to take various organizational decisions. Reward power:A person possesses this kind of powerwhen he has the ability to influence the allocation of rewards and incentives of others (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). The people who are in position to determine who will receive the incentives and rewards, is said to posses reward power (Castells, 2013). If the person possessing the reward power uses it effectively, then the employees could be motivated effectively. Coercive power:The coercive power is the power that is possessed by a person with theability to threat or punish other people (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). The person possessing the coercive power is feared by all as they may take up the path of favouritism and punish the people with whom they have enmity (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Thus, in Nike, the managers and the CEO are the possessors of coercive power. Referent power: A person by virtue of the interpersonal skills possesses this kind of power. A charismatic person having the power of influencing others is said to posses referent power (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Moreover, the referent power is also derived from the personal connections of an individual.If a person has a good interpersonal connections with the CEO of a company, then the person is said to possess the referent power (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). With the strength of the connections and the interpersonal skills, others respect a person having the referent power. Expert power:This power is acquired from knowledge and the expertisethat a person gains. The power of the knowledge and the experience in a particular field makes the person indispensable in an organization, thus making the person powerful than the others (Walsh, 2016).The subject matter experts and the technical managers could be considered as people having expert power (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). The possession of the expert power is usually a stepping-stone for the possession of legitimate power. A person having the expert power is capable of performing the most critical tasks and hence is respected by all. In an organization, along with individual power, the organizational sources of power are also highlighted.The main sources of organizational power are as follows: Acquisition and the control of the resources The ability to cope up with uncertainty (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Centrality Non-substitutability Decision making process regulation and control Influence of your role as consultant on power of the organization As a consultant, I have adequate power onthe business organization. I have the legitimate power to review the works of Nike and the various departments that are operational in the business organization (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). I have the power of reviewing the various powers and the organizational politics. In the organization Nike, the political landscape is quite strong and has a strong influence on the working of the business organization (Chadwick, 2013). The positive side of the politics helps the organization to achieve the organizational goals through coordination and sharingof the ideas among the employees and the stakeholders (Camm, 2013). However, the negative view of the politics is manipulative and the employees use it for their own interests. Conflicts are common in any organization.Even in Nike, conflicts occur among the employees and even with the managers. The incidents of conflictsare described below: Conflicts might occur in the business organizations when there is a difference in opinion among the various people in possession of power. The conflict occurs regarding the feasibility of a particular show design (Wallensteen, 2015). While the technical team are of the opinion that the proposed design of a sports shoe is not feasible, the marketing department opines that such a product is new to the market and hence will be lucrative to the customers (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Conflicts mainly occur, when the interests collides. The key features of the conflicts are the differences in the perception of both the parties. Moreover, opposition in the ideas of both the parties are also an essential element of conflict (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). The lack of ability of achievement of the organizational goals caused anger and frustration and hence conflicts occur (Fry Bjorkqvist, 2013). The various sources of conflicts include the following: Strategies used to manage conflict The structural strategies used to manage conflicts are the behavioural changes among the people of the organization (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Moreover, separating or mergingof the conflicting business units are also one of the strategies for conflict management (Fisher, Kelman Nan, 2013). Increase of the scare resource over which the conflict occurs is also an effective strategy. The process of decision-making is a critical one. The action of taking critical decisions is known asdecision-making.The process of decision-making has to be done criticallysuch that the organizational goals could be achieved successfully (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). The process of decision-making has three basic models that assist in effective decision-making. These are: The rational model: This model is one of the best-known decision-making models and many people often consider it as a classical model (Daft, 2014). The features of this model include the clarity in problem, clarity in the objectives set by the organization as well as all the alternatives are known.The consequences are also anticipated in this model and there is no biasness in the recognition of the problem. The administrative model: This model is based on the mentioned below concepts. These are the sequential attention to the alternative solution, heuristics, satisfying (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). The Administrative model examines the possible solutions and the best solution is finally chosen. Moreover, the search for the alternative solutions is searched in the areas that have the highest probability for the yield of success. This decision making model is an effective one. The retrospective decision-making model: This model highlights the models on how the decision makers take the decisions that are most appropriate and effective (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Organizational culture and manifestation of culture in the organization The organizationalculture is defined as the shared assumptions and values that govern the behaviour of the people in the organization. These are shared values and include the way people dress, behave and perform their jobs. The organizational culture has a key role playin the achievement of the organizational goals (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). The organizational culture has to be a positive one such that the organizational goals could be achieved.The positivity of the organizational culture includes encouragement of innovation, attention to details, empathetic communication, and coordination among the various teams. For example when the technical team and the production team work, they should work efficiently and in coordination such that the organizational goals could be achieved. Justification for Culture eats strategy for breakfast Peter Duckerrightly said that Culture eats strategy for breakfast. The reasons are as follows: The people of the organization are loyal to the organizational culture and not the strategy. Culture is successful in providing resilience in the tough times (McCleskey, 2014). The organizational culture is much more efficient than the organizational strategies Culture creates the organizational competitive differentiation (ALLE, 2015). The right organizational culture is able to spark contrarian business strategies (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). An organizational culture that is brittle is able to doom the organizational strategies. Thus, Peter Ducker that indeed has rightly mentioned it that Culture eats strategy for breakfast. The organisational culture needs to be managed and maintained by all the employees of the business organization (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014).The employees need to work effectively in maintaining the organizational culture. The basic structure of the organizational culture is usually retained (Sethuraman Suresh, 2014). However, with time, the organizational culture of Nike has evolved a lot. Moreover, the employees of Nike are adapted to a particular kind of organizational culture, and that culture has to be retained by the employees as well as the management of Nike (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Behavioural approach to leadership The trait theory of leadershipis an essentialbehavioural leadership approach that highlights the traits of an effective leader, in the business organization (Gregoire Arendt, 2014). This leadership theory could be applied to highlight the relationship between the personal traits of the leaders and the effective leadership. The leaders at Nike might use the transformational leadership style to manage the employees and lead them towards the fulfilment of the organizational goals (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Thus, it could be said that the power and politics along with the maintenance of organizational culture and effective leadership are essential for the effective operations of the sports organization Nike. The current part of the report focuses on providing the necessary recommendations that is needed to the Nike Company to have a specific organizational goal that helps in the matters related to organizational culture of the company. The clear rationale for each recommendation is also provided which will help in the matter of justifying the recommendations that are being applied within the company (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). One of the main cultural strategic plans of the Nike Inc. is to make Partnership with the most popular sports of a nation. For example in US the company forms Partnership with the National Basketball as most of the in the US region Basketball is the most popular form of sports, which has helped them to gain significant market share within the nation. The Nike has been the main sponsorship of in the Indian cricket jersey, which are also the most popular sports of the nation. Hence, in the past the company has used the strategy of sponsorship in the major sports organization of a nation. The brand image of the company also was in a healthy position. Thus flowing with the past company strategy, the Nike Inc. has able to make plan that helps in the strategy planning that helped them to deal with the partnership policies. With the next few years the company has needs to form partnership with the various sports association of Australia, which will help to gain popularity in that region. Few of the major sports of the Australian region include the Rugby league. The company needs to be the main sponsorship of the rugby league. The rugby sport is also one of the most important parts in the sports and lifestyle culture of the Australian. With the help of the rugby league, it is possible for the company to deal with the all the professional clubs of the Australian region. The National Rugby league is believed to be the most important sports event in Australia, which is the main source of attraction for all categories of sports lover of the nation (Frost et al., 2013). The company needs to have one of the most effective ways to deal with their relationship with the sports organization of Australia. The marketing manager of the company need to approach and held meeting with the professional rugby club and make them attractive offers about the benefit of having sponsorship with the Nike Inc. Being one of the most popular leagues of the country and also throughout the world, the National Rugby league of Australia attracts many companies to compete for the place of the title sponsorship (Misener Doherty, 2013). Hence it is important to have the best possible ways to deal with the title sponsorship. The Nike Inc. can offer free sports equipment and jerseys for all the professional clubs. From the point of view of the National club, it is important to have the well reputed brands as their primary sponsorship, which will help them to have high quality sports equipment. Due to the healthy reputation of the Nike brand, it is important for them to provide th e best quality equipment to the professional clubs. It can also be said in the context that innovative style of proposing the offer of sponsorship can also help them to seek the attention of the club official and franchise. The company can also offer medical support that is needed for the Rugby player of the clubs and also allow them to have the extra benefit of getting support from the club officials. The company can use the past reputation, which will allow them to easily seek the attention of all the famous professional clubs. One of the main aspect of forming the sponsorship and partnership with an organization is to have an official contract between the two organizations, which will help them to have the most important aspect of the sponsorship (Troilo et al., 2016). It is important from both the perspective of the management of Nike and also for the rugby club officials to ensure that all the clauses related to the sponsorship is carefully mentioned within the contract, which will ensure that the interest of both the groups have been protected. The legal aspect of the sponsorship and business partnership contract between two organizations can help to deal with all unethical and unfair means that can be adopted in the business process. With the help of most of the activities related legal aspect, it is important for the Nike Inc. to have a smooth business partnership with the professional clubs of Australia. With the help of the business contract, it is possible for the organization to fix the time of th e business contract and also ensure that they are able to fix upon every detail that is needed for the Nike Inc. to maintain their reputation (Macedo, et al., 2014). Good and effective source of information is an important aspect that is needed by the managers of Nike Inc. that is needed in the case related to most of the occasions to have an effective form of business partnership. They can also offer the best deal to the Australian rugby clubs. In this context, it can also be said that the Nike Inc. needs to import their logo in all the sports equipment and dress that will help them to raise the level of brand awareness among the people. One of the most important parts of the sports sponsorship is to have the latest updated information that will help the members of the Nike Inc. to change the policy of the partnership in order to get the full support of the professional business clubs. This will also help the professional clubs to deal with the business policies of the sports and also ensure that the sports business is able to make maximum profit as the popularity of the leagues increase within the nation. The management of the Nike Company also needs to have an effective communication strategy in order to have a healthy relationship with all the stakeholders of the rugby club of the national rugby league. The Nike Inc. being one of the major sports and fitness brand of the globe they have the responsibility to fulfill certain social duties. This will help the company to have higher reputation in the market. The current age more people are suffering from chronic diseases than ever before. Hence, there has been a strong increase among the people about involving themselves in various sports and physical activities. This has helped to raise the demand of various sports activities and sports equipment in the market. The Nike Company can use this business opportunity in order to increase their popularity within the sports and physical activity lovers. In order to fulfill their corporate social responsibilities Nike Corporation needs to organize various sports event in various countries which will help them to raise the awareness of public about the importance of physical fitness. Sports events will also encourage all types of people to participate in the sports activities and get information about physical fitness (Giulianotti, 2015). As more number of people are more number of people are willing to involve themselves in various sports activities it is important for Nike assist the people by providing various Sports Equipment and organizing public events. With the help of sports activities the Nike Corporation can increase the level of brand awareness. In the modern days the athletes and sports man put themselves to higher limit of the physical constraint in order to get better result and better physical fitness. Is a corporate social responsibility group, it is the duty of Nike to improve upon the quality of the sports goods and equipment, which will help the athletes and the sports person to have better assist in the sports activities. The better quality of sports equipment will also help to reduce the risk of injuries that are commonly associated with all sports and physical activities. It is highly recommend for a reputed organization like the Nike Inc. to use high quality materials in the sports equipment, which help them to ensure that the users gets maximum physical benefits due to the involvement of the sports goods (Heinze et al., 2014). The design of the sports goods needs to use the latest mode of technology can have a significant impact on the health of the sports persons and other athletes. As there is higher brand val ue that is involved in the process of sports, it is important for the Nike Inc. to have the most effective ways to deal with the consequence of the environmental degradation. The company needs to imply the mode of sustainable development, which will help to deal with the consequence of poor health of the individual. The use of the ecofriendly materials within the sports equipment will help the company to ensure that no harm is being caused to the health of the users and other sports personal. The management of the Nike Company needs to initiate the foundation program, which will aim to discover sports talent from all across the globe. The foundation program will also aim to make investment in the welfare activities of the financially weaker section of the society, who cannot make afford for the heavy cost of equipment that is needed in the higher level of sports. It is also the duty of the Nike Foundation to ensure that no people are denied of the sports equipment program. There also should be no discrimination among the sports man who are financially and economical weak. Moreover, it is also important in this context to have better source of income that can help the Nike Foundation to provide Full support to the financially and economically weaker section of the society. With the advancement of Technology in sports equipment the Nike Company must also initiate the manufacture of innovative style of sports goods in order to ensure that maximum possible utilisation is done to the sports person and they get full benefit of using high quality sports equipment. The innovative style of sports equipment can also help the athlete to get full benefit how the physical exercise. According toTrendafilova et al., (2013), it is important for a company to have high level of transparency with the people of the society, which will help them in the matters of the ethical issues. The company needs to provide regular and updated information that helps to maintain high level of transparency within the organisation. The management of Nike Company need to publish the financial status and also the detailed information about pricing of every sport goods that is being sold to the market. They also must share information related to the production and materials that are used in every sports goods. This will help the customers to have idea related to the quality of the products and also the effects of using the products for longer duration. In order to protect the environment from harmful degradation it is important for the company to have bio friendly production techniques and avoid the use of harmful chemicals. The company also has a strong responsibility towards the public in order to provide high quality sports materials and also ensure that physical fitness level for all the customers are properly gained. The company also needs to ensure that the employees and workers in the factory are working in healthy and safe environment and all the needs are fulfilled from the management. In the manufacturing unit it is important to have high level of safety protocols which will ensure that the risk involved in the factories are minimised with the help of proper safety guidelines. Hence minimising the environmental and health risk is one of the prime corporate social duties of Nike Company. In order to evaluate the future risk it is important for the company to have proper risk management system. Hence, with property valuation and risk management technique it is possible for Nike Company to use the theories related to corporate social responsibilities and also ensure that their reputation is maintained within the society as a responsible business organisation. The sustainable business development project of Nike Company can also help in future. This can help the company to attract possible investors and also ensure that they are able to raise the awareness among the people about the importance of their product in daily activities (Anagnostopoulos et al., 2014). With the change in the demand of sports Industry that is caused due to the innovative style of products it is important for the Nike Company to introduce new sports equipment in order to seek the attention of sports lover and other athletes. Hence, it is important for the company to use perfect model of promotional campaigns which will help to spread the popularity of the new and innovative style of sports goods and also ensure that the people and the customers of Nike get proper information that is related to the features of new products. It is also important in the context that the promotional campaign needs to be design in perfect manner in order to makes the launch of new products attractive. It is important for the company to choose the perfect place for the promotional launch program of a new product which will ensure that the popularity and news about the product launch reaches maximum number of people. The company can form partnership with various sports organiser events which will help to ensure that the promotional launch program can be of great success and is able to attract the attention of all sports lover people. The initial design and manufacturing process of the new product is the primary important factor that the Nike Company needs to consider. As more number of people are engaging themselves in physical activities and sports it is important for the Nike Company to introduce innovative style of sports goods. The innovative style of Sports Equipment also needs to encourage all types of people to engage in physical activities which are primary important requirement for all categories of people in modern day society. Moreover, to maintain the reputation of the company and also ensure that the customers can get the latest type of sports equipments, regular launch of new products with innovative style of manufacturing process is an important part of maintaining the reputation of the company (Thorpe, 2016). The location of the launch event is important in the context that, it will be a public event which aims to seek attention of maximum people. The overall planning process of the launch event needs to be effective. It is highly recommended for a reputed company like Nike to use the face of some famous sports personality in their launch event, which will help them to easily see the attention of all potential customers (RichelieuDesbordes, 2013). With the advancement of digital technology that is an important part of physical activities of everyday life it is important for the newly launched product of Nike to have high application about the use of digital equipment. The latest tracking device in sports equipment in is important in the context that it helps to measure various parameters related to Physical activities that includes the amount of calorie burn and total time spent in physical workout. The equipment can also provide information related to the amount of physical activity that is needed for every individual depending upon their physical condition and body weight. It is also possible for an individual to track that a health status using the latest equipment of sports goods. The Nike Company needs to ensure that the newly launched products can be used with the digital equipment that can help in the process of tracking the health status of an individual. Advanced level of sports kits and equipment are an important par t of all sportsman activities and professional athletes that helps them to deal with all the major sports activities (NuferNufer, 2016). The Nike+ program is one the major sports activity that is initiated by the company to deal with the latest trends and hence, it is important in the context that the sports goods needs to be high quality to provide better accuracy results related to the health status of an individual. With inaccurate results related to the health status of an individual there is high risk involved and hence it is important for all sports equipment to use high quality material that helps in accurate data prediction system about the health status of an individual. In the promotional program it is important for Nike Company to provide detailed information regarding the features of the new product and also it importance in the context of modern lifestyle of people that can help them to assist in all types of sports and physical activities. Moreover the use of the face of famous sports personality or any other celebrity can help the public understand the importance of using high quality sports equipment i n order to ensure and get maximum benefit of physical exercise activities. The night company is regarded as one of the most culturally diverse organisation which respects the sports and Lifestyle activities of every Nation across the globe. Hence, in the manufacturing process of new products it is important for the Nike Company to have effective style of marketing that is made according to the social and cultural trend of the local market and people. The materials that are used in the sports uniforms needs to have high quality substances that will help to reduce the exhaustion level of the sports person. Effective pricing strategy is also an important part that the company needs to launch during the time of new products introduction in a market (Geppert Drrenbcher, 2014). Hence, with the help of the above mentioned business policies it is possible for Nike Inc. to have effective cultural diversity and also maintain the reputation in the market. The three recommendations that are provided will be the part of the business planning process of Nike Inc. for the next upcoming 3 years. Conclusion The significance of power and politics have been highlighted in this assignment. The various sources of power in a sports organization namely Nike has been highlighted in this assignment. The various sources of individual power in the business organization includes the reward power, referent power, coercive power, legitimate power as well as the expert power in the organization. The organizational sources of power have also been highlighted in this assignment. The importance of the organizational culture has been felt, along with an in dept analysis of Peter Duckers statement Culture eats strategy for breakfast. The justification for this statement includes the loyalty of the employees towards the culture of the organization and not the strategy of the organization. Moreover, the right organizational culture is able to trigger the motivation and empowerment of the employees. Business strategies are likely to change with time. However, the culture of an organization remains. Moreover, the organizational culture is much more efficient than the organizational strategies. Hence, the statement made by Peter Ducker is true and is justified. Various recommendations have been provided for Nike. Nike might enter into a partnership with other sports organizations such that the enhancement of Nike could be done as a positive effect of working in partnership. Moreover, it is also recommended that Nike works towards the fulfilment of the social corporate responsibility as well as charitable events. This is recommended for Nike, in order to gain customer satisfaction as well as customer retention. The engagement of the social corporate responsibilities is important. Sponsorship of various sports events, is effective in customer retention and achieving customer satisfaction. The products of Nike will be promoted if the company engages in various social corporate responsibilities. The products of Nike should be promoted more in various sports events and sponsored events. This will enhance the business of Nike and ensure that more customers will buy the shoes and other products of Nike. Moreover, Nike could launch personal fitness wearables, such that the sportsmen using the products of Nike are able to track their fitness as well. Thus, it could be concluded that the business of Nike is enhanced with the following of the recommendations mentioned in this assignemnt. References ALLE, K. (2015). Culture eats strategy for breakfast. Anagnostopoulos, C., Byers, T., Shilbury, D. (2014). Corporate social responsibility in professional team sport organisations: towards a theory of decision-making. European Sport Management Quarterly, 14(3), 259-281. Camm, T. W. (2013). Power and politics in organizations. Castells, M. (2013).Communication power.OUP Oxford. Chadwick, A. (2013).The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford University Press. Daft, R. L. 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